Optimizing maritime logistics for sustainable development in Kenya's Blue Economy
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Issue
Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Keywords:
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Blue economy, maritime logistics, maritime logistics innovations, maritime transport optimization, Regulatory frameworks, sustainable shipping practices
Abstract
Purpose: Kenya's strategic position on Africa's eastern coast makes its blue economy essential for national development. This study analyzes the relationship between sustainable maritime logistics and the potential of the blue economy to promote social equity, environmental sustainability, and economic growth. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, synthesizing scholarly research, industry reports, and policy documents on maritime logistics and its contribution to Kenya's blue economy. The analysis focuses on key dimensions such as port infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and technological innovation. Results: The study finds that efficient maritime logistics enhance trade efficiency, reduce transportation costs, and support sustainable practices, thus maximizing the blue economy's potential. However, challenges remain, including limited port capacity, inefficient customs processes, insufficient cold chain infrastructure, and gaps in workforce training. Addressing these issues requires policy reforms and investments in modern infrastructure. Theoretical Contribution: This research contributes to the sustainable development theory by positioning maritime logistics as a central element of blue economic resilience and environmental stewardship. It introduces a conceptual model viewing maritime logistics as an enabler of sustainable blue economy growth in Kenya. Practical Implications: The study recommends targeted investments in green technologies, improved maritime training, and the formation of multi-stakeholder partnerships to foster collaborative and resilient maritime logistics systems. It also highlights the need for more comprehensive data and encourages future research to include primary data for deeper insights.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 2: Zero Hunger; SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being; SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities; SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
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References
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Amin, C., Hasyim, A. W., Sun'an, M., Hilman, R. M., & Fahmiasari, H. (2024). Impact of increasing local economic capacity on reducing maritime logistics costs in island Province of eastern Indonesia: A dynamic system approach. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 27, 101195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2024.101195
Attri, V. N. (2018). The blue economy and the theory of paradigm shifts. The blue economy handbook of the Indian ocean region. Africa Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, 15-37. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvgc60f0.8
Bhattacharya, S., & Sachdev, B. K. (2024). Impact of Scientific Innovation in Coastal Resource Management: Fostering Blue Economic Development, Environmental Mitigation, and Pollution Control. In Scientific Innovations for Coastal Resource Management (pp. 1-32). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2436-3.ch001
Bulleri, F., & Chapman, M. G. (2010). The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of change in marine environments. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01751.x
Caliskan, A., & Ozturkoglu, Y. (2016). Maritime logistics. In Handbook of research on military, aeronautical, and maritime logistics and operations (pp. 361-384). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch019
Cariou, P. (2020). Changing demand for maritime trade.
Carpenter, J. (2023). Maritime Transport: The Largest Ports and New Trends in Global Maritime Logistics. https://www.easycargo3d.com/en/blog/maritime-transport-the-largest-ports-and-new-trends-in-global-maritime-logistics/ Accessed 10-02-2025
Clemente, D., Cabral, T., Rosa-Santos, P., & Taveira-Pinto, F. (2023). Blue seaports: The smart, sustainable and electrified ports of the future. Smart Cities, 6(3), 1560-1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6030074
Das, J., Govender, M., Irfanullah, H. M., Selim, S. A., & Glaser, M. (2024). Stakeholder perceptions of blue economy governance networks and their equity implications in Bangladesh. Marine Policy, 170, 106359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106359
Delfin-Ortega, O. (2025). Maritime logistics and economic growth in the context of APEC: a two-stage data envelopment analysis study. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 10(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-024-00191-y
Dharmadhikari, S. (2024). Maritime Logistics Market Report 2025 (Global Edition). https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/maritime-logistics-market-report Accessed on 11-02-2025
Dissanayake, N., Withanawasam, A., & Sarjoon, A. (2021). Conceptual nexuses between sustainable development and blue-green economy: An analysis of the importance of adopting blue-green economic principles in achieving sustainable development goals. civilization, 12(6).
Eikeset, A. M., Mazzarella, A. B., Davíðsdóttir, B., Klinger, D. H., Levin, S. A., Rovenskaya, E., & Stenseth, N. C. (2018). What is blue growth? The semantics of "Sustainable Development" of marine environments. Marine Policy, 87, 177-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.019
Elston, J., Pinto, H., & Nogueira, C. (2024). Tides of Change for a Sustainable Blue Economy: A Systematic Literature Review of Innovation in Maritime Activities. Sustainability, 16(24), 11141. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411141
Faran, F., & Ejaz, K. (2022). Blue economy of maritime nations in south asia: challenges and prospects. South Asian Studies, 37(1).
Frazão Santos, C., Agardy, T., Andrade, F., Calado, H., Crowder, L. B., Ehler, C. N., ... & Rosa, R. (2020). Integrating climate change in ocean planning. Nature Sustainability, 3(7), 505-516. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0513-x
Grzelakowski, A. S., Herdzik, J., & Skiba, S. (2022). Maritime shipping decarbonization: Roadmap to meet zero-emission target in shipping as a link in the global supply chains. Energies, 15(17), 6150. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176150
Hadiningrat, K. S. S., Wiradanti, B., & Umar, Y. F. (2024). Transformation Of Indonesian Sea Transportation and Maritime Logistics to Realize the Vision of Golden Indonesia 2045. JIPOWER: Journal of Intellectual Power, 1(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.63786/jipower.v1i1.6
IFC. (2020). Navigating Africa's New Logistics Landscape. https://www.ifc.org/en/stories/2020/africa-logistics-landscape Accessed 11-01-2025
Karma. J. (2024). Kenya: The Logistics Hub of East Africa - What You Need to Know. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/kenya-logistics-hub-east-africa-what-you-need-know-jigme-jimmy--sar0c/ Accessed 10-01-2025
Karubaba, O. C. (2024). Effective Inland Access Program in Supporting Sea Highways in Papua. Global International Journal of Innovative Research, 2(5), 851-860. https://doi.org/10.59613/global.v2i5.142
Khan, T., & Emon, M. H. (2024). Exploring the Potential of the Blue Economy: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Enhancing International Business in Bangladesh in the context of Indo-Pacific Region. Review of Business and Economics Studies, 12(2), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.26794/2308-944X-2024-12-2-55-73
Lau, Y. Y., Chen, Q., Poo, M. C. P., Ng, A. K., & Ying, C. C. (2024). Maritime transport resilience: A systematic literature review on the current state of the art, research agenda and future research directions. Ocean & Coastal Management, 251, 107086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107086
Lee, K. H., Noh, J., & Khim, J. S. (2020). The Blue Economy and the United Nations' sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. Environment international, 137, 105528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528
Lo, S. C. (2022). A particle swarm optimization approach to solve the vehicle routing problem with cross-docking and carbon emissions reduction in logistics management. Logistics, 6(3), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics6030062
Mba, J. U. (2024). Advancing sustainability and efficiency in maritime operations: Integrating green technologies and autonomous systems in global shipping. Int J Sci Res Arch, 13(02), 2059-2079. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.13.2.2419
Mogila, Z., Ciolek, D., Toroj, A., & Zaucha, J. (2024). How important is the blue economy for regional development? The case of Poland. Marine Policy, 168, 106303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106303
Muñoz-Villamizar, A., Velázquez-Martínez, J. C., Haro, P., Ferrer, A., & Mariño, R. (2021). The environmental impact of fast shipping ecommerce in inbound logistics operations: A case study in Mexico. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 125400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125400
Mustafa, S., Estim, A., Shapawi, R., Shalehand, M. J., & Sidik, S. R. M. (2021, March). Technological applications and adaptations in aquaculture for progress towards sustainable development and seafood security. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 718, No. 1, p. 012041). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012041
Nganda, L. (2024). Transforming Africa's Logistics Landscape: trends shaping 2024. https://www.maersk.com/insights/integrated-logistics/2024/02/06/logistics-africa-trends Accessed 08-01-2025
Nikčević, J., & Škurić, M. (2021). A contribution to the sustainable development of maritime transport in the context of blue economy: The Case of Montenegro. Sustainability, 13(6), 3079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063079
Nyokabi, W. L., & Mbirithi, D. M. (2024). Effects of maritime governance in harnessing the blue economy along the Kenyan coastline. International Academic Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(4), 487-504.
Pace, L. A., Saritas, O., & Deidun, A. (2023). Exploring future research and innovation directions for a sustainable blue economy. Marine Policy, 148, 105433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105433
Qayed, T. S. A. M. (2023). Effect of carbon dioxide reduction measures and advanced shipping solutions on efficiency and productivity (Master's thesis, University of South-Eastern Norway).
RAcademy. (2025). Global Shipping Trends Analysis: Industry Insights. https://rcademy.com/global-shipping-trends-analysis/ Accessed on 11-02-2025
Renaldo, N., Junaedi, A. T., Suhardjo, S., Jahrizal, J., Yovita, I., Musa, S., & Cecilia, C. (2024). Balancing Offshore Renewable Energy and Marine Conservation in the Blue Economy. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 5(2), 116-122. https://doi.org/10.35145/jabt.v5i2.168
Rojon, I., Lazarou, N. J., Rehmatulla, N., & Smith, T. (2021). The impacts of carbon pricing on maritime transport costs and their implications for developing economies. Marine Policy, 132, 104653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104653
RoK. (2022). Draft National Maritime Transport Policy. https://shippingmaritime.go.ke/sites/default/files/shippingmaritime/NATIONAL%20MARITIME%20TRANSPORT%20POLICY.pdf Accessed 11-01-2025
Roy, A. (2019). Blue economy in the Indian Ocean: Governance perspectives for sustainable development in the region. ORF Occasional Paper, 181.
Sarker, S., Hussain, F. A., Assaduzzaman, M., & Failler, P. (2019). Blue economy and climate change: Bangladesh perspective. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics, 6(2), 6. https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1105
Sibali, A., & Jainuddin, J. (2024). Maritime Infrastructure Development and its Impact on National Economic Growth. Economics and Digital Business Review, 5(2), 911-920.
Silver, J. J., Gray, N. J., Campbell, L. M., Fairbanks, L. W., & Gruby, R. L. (2015). Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. The Journal of Environment & Development, 24(2), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
Singh, S., Dwivedi, A., & Pratap, S. (2023). Sustainable maritime freight transportation: current status and future directions. Sustainability, 15(8), 6996. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086996
Song, Z. Y., Chhetri, P., Ye, G., & Lee, P. T. W. (2023). Green maritime logistics coalition by green shipping corridors: a new paradigm for the decarbonisation of the maritime industry. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2023.2256243
Spalding, M. J. (2016). The new blue economy: the future of sustainability. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics, 2(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052
Talley, W. K. (2017). Port economics. Routledge.
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Authors
Mogaka, C. O. (2025). Optimizing maritime logistics for sustainable development in Kenya’s Blue Economy. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 10(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.14254/jsdtl.2025.10-1.5
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