Aligning smart mobility with institutional capacity: Evidence-based transport policy strategies for sustainable urban mobility in developing cities
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026)
Keywords:
-
developing cities, institutional capacity, smart mobility, sustainable transportation, urban transport policy
Abstract
Purpose. This study examines how urban transport policy in developing cities can align smart mobility initiatives with institutional and system capacity to support sustainable urban transportation. Using South Africa as an analytically representative context, it identifies strategic priorities and explores emerging patterns that may guide capacity-sensitive smart mobility implementation. Methodology. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among 201 urban transport stakeholders. Descriptive statistics ranked 14 smart mobility strategies, while exploratory principal component analysis with oblique rotation examined potential strategic groupings. Given marginal factorability diagnostics, the component analysis was interpreted cautiously and used only for exploratory purposes. Results. Digital and ICT infrastructure, cybersecurity frameworks, smart mobility regulations, and unified data standards received the highest aggregate rankings. User-facing interventions, including Mobility-as-a-Service integration, electric vehicle charging networks, and behaviour-change programmes, received slightly lower ratings. The exploratory analysis suggested three provisional patterns: smart mobility infrastructure enablement, policy and institutional support, and collaborative data-driven mobility innovation. The findings indicate that institutional readiness may act as a gating condition for the effective adoption and scaling of smart mobility initiatives. Theoretical contribution. The study advances sustainable urban mobility and socio-technical perspectives by proposing a capacity-first sequencing proposition, whereby digital, regulatory, organisational, and data-governance capabilities should be developed before large-scale deployment of integrated mobility technologies. Practical implications. Policymakers and urban transport authorities should prioritise secure digital infrastructure, interoperable data standards, regulatory clarity, institutional coordination, and skills development before scaling MaaS platforms, advanced analytics, and electric mobility interventions.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities; SDG 13: Climate Action
Full text article
Generated from XML file
References
Aboulnaga, M. M., Badran, M. F., & Barakat, M. M. (2021). Global informal settlements and urban slums in cities and the coverage. In resilience of informal areas in megacities–magnitude, challenges, and policies: Strategic environmental assessment and upgrading guidelines to attain sustainable development goals (pp. 1-51). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87794-1_1
Anthony Jnr, B. (2025). Sustainable mobility governance in smart cities for urban policy development–a scoping review and conceptual model. Smart and sustainable built environment, 14(3), 649-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-05-2023-0109
Attah, R. U., Gil-Ozoudeh, I., Garba, B. M. P., & Iwuanyanwu, O. (2024). Leveraging geographic information systems and data analytics for enhanced public sector decision-making and urban planning. Magna Sci Adv Res Rev, 12(2), 152-163. https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.12.2.0191
Banister, D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, 15(2), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005
Bellini, P., Bilotta, S., Collini, E., Fanfani, M., & Nesi, P. (2024). Data sources and models for integrated mobility and transport solutions. Sensors, 24(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020441
Chindasombatcharoen, N., Tsolakis, N., Kumar, M., & O’Sullivan, E. (2024). Navigating psychological barriers in agricultural innovation adoption: A multi-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 475, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143695
Choenni, S., Bargh, M. S., Busker, T., & Netten, N. (2022). Data governance in smart cities: Challenges and solution directions. Journal of Smart Cities and Society, 1(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3233/SCS-210119
Chovancová, J., Popovičová, M., & Huttmanová, E. (2023). Decoupling transport-related greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth in the European Union countries. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 11(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0411
Creutzig, F., Fernandez, B., Haberl, H., Khosla, R., Mulugetta, Y., & Seto, K. C. (2016). Beyond technology: demand-side solutions for climate change mitigation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 173-198. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085428
Das, D. K. (2025). Digital technology and AI for smart sustainable cities in the global south: A critical review of literature and case studies. Urban Science, 9(3), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030072
Deweerdt, T., & Fabre, A. (2022). The role of land use planning in urban transport to mitigate climate change: A literature review. Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research, 3(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203033
Doumard, E., Aligon, J., Escriva, E., Excoffier, J. B., Monsarrat, P., & Soulé-Dupuy, C. (2023). A quantitative approach for the comparison of additive local explanation methods. Information Systems, 114, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2022.102162
Fallde, M., & Eklund, M. (2015). Towards a sustainable socio-technical system of biogas for transport: The case of the city of Linköping in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner production, 98, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.089
Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering Statistics Using R. SAGE Publications.
Foltýnová, H. B., Vejchodská, E., Rybová, K., & Květoň, V. (2020). Sustainable urban mobility: One definition, different stakeholders’ opinions. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment, 87, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102465
Hartl, R., Harms, P., & Egermann, M. (2024). Towards transformation-oriented planning: What can sustainable urban mobility planning (SUMP) learn from transition management (TM)? Transport Reviews, 44(1), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2023.2239497
Kangralkar, Y. M., Bavalatti, S. I., & Pattar, S. (2025). A comprehensive survey on cybersecurity of EV: Roles and requirements of stakeholders, gaps and an exemplar future direction [Preprint]. Retrieved from https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/258472/preprint_pdf/0a6d1db1ae97aa27b60b7ab2c019a02d.pdf
Ketter, W., Schroer, K., & Valogianni, K. (2023). Information systems research for smart sustainable mobility: A framework and call for action. Information Systems Research, 34(3), 1045-1065. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1167
Kong, L., Mu, X., Hu, G., & Zhang, Z. (2022). The application of resilience theory in urban development: A literature review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33), 49651-49671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20891-x
Kumbhar, A. A., Alam, M., Memon, T. A., Waseer, B. A., Ali, N., Ahmed, F., & Landini, S. (2025). Socio-techno-economic analysis of hydrogen adoption as a transport sector fuel alternative in Pakistan: An analytic hierarchy process approach. Policy Research Journal, 3(9), 60-80. https://policyrj.com/index.php/1/article/view/970
Li, J., Peng, L., Hou, K., Tian, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, S., & Qiu, T. Z. (2023). Adaptive signal control and coordination for urban traffic control in a connected vehicle environment: A review. Digital Transportation and Safety, 2(2), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.48130/DTS-2023-0008
Löfgren, S., Nilsson, K. L., & Johansson, C. M. (2018). Considering landscape in strategic transport planning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 65, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.001
Luitel, S., Magar, T. G., Magar, K. B., Subedi, A. K., Adhikari, S., & Nepali, K. (2025a). Shaping sustainable public transport in Nepal: Insights from global developing cities. International Journal of Future Engineering Innovations, 2(4), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMOR.2025.4.4.148-157
Luitel, S., Subedi, A. K., Nepal, S., & Tiwari, H. (2025b). A multi-faceted approach to urban congestion in developing nations: Theory, practice, and the Kathmandu experience. Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, 11, 139-163. https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v11i1.84536
Mangara, F., & Dorasamy, N. (2026). Policy integration between urban planning and disaster risk reduction in Southern Africa. In Sustainable Urban Development in Southern Africa: Disaster Risk Reduction and Economic Resilience (pp. 207-248). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08286-2_9
Marsden, G., & Reardon, L. (2017). Questions of governance: Rethinking the study of transportation policy. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 101, 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.008
Münch, C., Marx, E., Benz, L., Hartmann, E., & Matzner, M. (2022). Capabilities of digital servitisation: Evidence from the socio-technical systems theory. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121361
Mutambik, I. (2025). IoT-Enabled adaptive traffic management: A multiagent framework for urban mobility optimisation. Sensors, 25(13), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134126
Okolo, F. C., Etukudoh, E. A., Ogunwole, O., Osho, G. O., & Basiru, J. O. (2022). Policy-oriented framework for multi-agency data integration across national transportation and infrastructure systems. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 140-149. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJFMR.2022.3.1.140-149
Okoro, C. S., & Lawani, K. (2022). Optimising sustainable mobility: A performance assessment of non-motorised transport infrastructure in Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 64(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2022/v64no2a6
Oladimeji, D., Gupta, K., Kose, N. A., Gundogan, K., Ge, L., & Liang, F. (2023). Smart transportation: An overview of technologies and applications. Sensors, 23(8), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083880
Opara, I. J., Lateef, J., Nii-Okai, E., Saah, B. P., Mensah, E. K., Wiafe, G. F. O., & Olayode, A. (2025). Digital resilience in construction projects: A narrative review of data governance, BIM, and real-time decision support systems. Journal of Management, and Development Research, 2(2), 117-124.
https://doi.org/10.69739/jmdr.v2i2.1129
Rahman, M. A. (2025). Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) communication and traffic incident reduction: An empirical study across US highway networks. Journal of Sustainable Development and Policy, 4(03), 38-81. https://doi.org/10.63125/c1wm0t92
Ramdani, F. (2025). Statistics descriptive and inferential. In Data Science: Foundations and Hands-on Experience: Handling Economic, Spatial, and Multidimensional Data with R (pp. 115-154). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4683-8_4
Rana, M., & Sadiq, H. (2024). Computational modeling and simulation techniques for managing rail-urban interface constraints in metropolitan transportation systems. American Journal of Scholarly Research and Innovation, 3(2), 141-178. https://doi.org/10.63125/pxet1d94
Romero-Lankao, P., Gnatz, D. M., Wilhelmi, O., & Hayden, M. (2016). Urban sustainability and resilience: From theory to practice. Sustainability, 8(12), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121224
Rubio, B. M., & Ruiz, S. G. (2025). Unequal access to urban transport: An invisible barrier to social equity: Acceso desigual al transporte urbano: una barrera invisible para la equidad social. Revista de Justicia Social en la Sociedad Urbana, 1(1), 25-60. https://publications.socipol.org/index.php/rjs/article/view/7/12
Rui, J., & Othengrafen, F. (2023). Examining the role of innovative streets in enhancing urban mobility and livability for sustainable urban transition: A review. Sustainability, 15(7), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075709
Sahu, P. K., Pani, A., & Santos, G. (2022). Freight traffic impacts and logistics inefficiencies in India: Policy interventions and solution concepts for sustainable city logistics. Transportation in Developing Economies, 8, Article 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40890-022-00161-8
Sassaron, M. L. D. S., Rodrigues da Silva, A. N., Fonseca, F., Rodrigues, D., Ribeiro, P. J., & Nakata-Osaki, C. M. (2025). Combining resilience and sustainability in urban mobility: A scoping review and thematic analysis. Land, 14(10), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14102063
Stephen, S. S., Oke, A. E., Aigbavboa, C. O., Akinradewo, O. I., Adetoro, P. E., & Ikuabe, M. (2025). Smart Infrastructure and Development in Stealth Construction. In Stealth Construction: Integrating Practices for Resilience and Sustainability (pp. 163-193). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83608-182-120251007
Visan, M., Negrea, S. L., & Mone, F. (2022). Towards intelligent public transport systems in smart cities; collaborative decisions to be made. Procedia Computer Science, 199, 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.155
Wang, X., Shaw, F. A., Mokhtarian, P. L., Circella, G., & Watkins, K. E. (2023). Combining disparate surveys across time to study satisfaction with life: The effects of study context, sampling method, and transport attributes. Transportation, 50(2), 513-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10252-x
Widaman, K. F., & Helm, J. L. (2023). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In H. Cooper, M. N. Coutanche, L. M. McMullen, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), In: APA handbook of research methods in psychology: Data analysis and research publication (2nd ed., pp. 379–410). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000320-017
Xin, S., & Qian, H. (2025). From urban planning to territorial spatial planning: The evolution of china’s planning system and the persistent barriers to urban–rural integration. Land, 14(8), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14081520
Yang, H., Huang, W., Yang, D., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Innovation in comprehensive transportation network planning in the context of national spatial development: Institutional constraints and policy responses. Land, 14(5), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051046
Yaska, M., & Nuhu, B. M. (2024). Assessment of measures of central tendency and dispersion using likert-type scale. African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research, 16(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010379
Anthony Jnr, B. (2025). Sustainable mobility governance in smart cities for urban policy development–a scoping review and conceptual model. Smart and sustainable built environment, 14(3), 649-671. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-05-2023-0109
Attah, R. U., Gil-Ozoudeh, I., Garba, B. M. P., & Iwuanyanwu, O. (2024). Leveraging geographic information systems and data analytics for enhanced public sector decision-making and urban planning. Magna Sci Adv Res Rev, 12(2), 152-163. https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.12.2.0191
Banister, D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy, 15(2), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2007.10.005
Bellini, P., Bilotta, S., Collini, E., Fanfani, M., & Nesi, P. (2024). Data sources and models for integrated mobility and transport solutions. Sensors, 24(2), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020441
Chindasombatcharoen, N., Tsolakis, N., Kumar, M., & O’Sullivan, E. (2024). Navigating psychological barriers in agricultural innovation adoption: A multi-stakeholder perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 475, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143695
Choenni, S., Bargh, M. S., Busker, T., & Netten, N. (2022). Data governance in smart cities: Challenges and solution directions. Journal of Smart Cities and Society, 1(1), 31-51. https://doi.org/10.3233/SCS-210119
Chovancová, J., Popovičová, M., & Huttmanová, E. (2023). Decoupling transport-related greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth in the European Union countries. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 11(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0411
Creutzig, F., Fernandez, B., Haberl, H., Khosla, R., Mulugetta, Y., & Seto, K. C. (2016). Beyond technology: demand-side solutions for climate change mitigation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 173-198. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085428
Das, D. K. (2025). Digital technology and AI for smart sustainable cities in the global south: A critical review of literature and case studies. Urban Science, 9(3), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030072
Deweerdt, T., & Fabre, A. (2022). The role of land use planning in urban transport to mitigate climate change: A literature review. Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research, 3(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2203033
Doumard, E., Aligon, J., Escriva, E., Excoffier, J. B., Monsarrat, P., & Soulé-Dupuy, C. (2023). A quantitative approach for the comparison of additive local explanation methods. Information Systems, 114, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2022.102162
Fallde, M., & Eklund, M. (2015). Towards a sustainable socio-technical system of biogas for transport: The case of the city of Linköping in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner production, 98, 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.089
Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering Statistics Using R. SAGE Publications.
Foltýnová, H. B., Vejchodská, E., Rybová, K., & Květoň, V. (2020). Sustainable urban mobility: One definition, different stakeholders’ opinions. Transportation research part D: Transport and environment, 87, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102465
Hartl, R., Harms, P., & Egermann, M. (2024). Towards transformation-oriented planning: What can sustainable urban mobility planning (SUMP) learn from transition management (TM)? Transport Reviews, 44(1), 167-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2023.2239497
Kangralkar, Y. M., Bavalatti, S. I., & Pattar, S. (2025). A comprehensive survey on cybersecurity of EV: Roles and requirements of stakeholders, gaps and an exemplar future direction [Preprint]. Retrieved from https://d197for5662m48.cloudfront.net/documents/publicationstatus/258472/preprint_pdf/0a6d1db1ae97aa27b60b7ab2c019a02d.pdf
Ketter, W., Schroer, K., & Valogianni, K. (2023). Information systems research for smart sustainable mobility: A framework and call for action. Information Systems Research, 34(3), 1045-1065. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1167
Kong, L., Mu, X., Hu, G., & Zhang, Z. (2022). The application of resilience theory in urban development: A literature review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(33), 49651-49671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20891-x
Kumbhar, A. A., Alam, M., Memon, T. A., Waseer, B. A., Ali, N., Ahmed, F., & Landini, S. (2025). Socio-techno-economic analysis of hydrogen adoption as a transport sector fuel alternative in Pakistan: An analytic hierarchy process approach. Policy Research Journal, 3(9), 60-80. https://policyrj.com/index.php/1/article/view/970
Li, J., Peng, L., Hou, K., Tian, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, S., & Qiu, T. Z. (2023). Adaptive signal control and coordination for urban traffic control in a connected vehicle environment: A review. Digital Transportation and Safety, 2(2), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.48130/DTS-2023-0008
Löfgren, S., Nilsson, K. L., & Johansson, C. M. (2018). Considering landscape in strategic transport planning. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 65, 396-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.001
Luitel, S., Magar, T. G., Magar, K. B., Subedi, A. K., Adhikari, S., & Nepali, K. (2025a). Shaping sustainable public transport in Nepal: Insights from global developing cities. International Journal of Future Engineering Innovations, 2(4), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMOR.2025.4.4.148-157
Luitel, S., Subedi, A. K., Nepal, S., & Tiwari, H. (2025b). A multi-faceted approach to urban congestion in developing nations: Theory, practice, and the Kathmandu experience. Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management, 11, 139-163. https://doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v11i1.84536
Mangara, F., & Dorasamy, N. (2026). Policy integration between urban planning and disaster risk reduction in Southern Africa. In Sustainable Urban Development in Southern Africa: Disaster Risk Reduction and Economic Resilience (pp. 207-248). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-08286-2_9
Marsden, G., & Reardon, L. (2017). Questions of governance: Rethinking the study of transportation policy. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 101, 238-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.05.008
Münch, C., Marx, E., Benz, L., Hartmann, E., & Matzner, M. (2022). Capabilities of digital servitisation: Evidence from the socio-technical systems theory. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 176, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121361
Mutambik, I. (2025). IoT-Enabled adaptive traffic management: A multiagent framework for urban mobility optimisation. Sensors, 25(13), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25134126
Okolo, F. C., Etukudoh, E. A., Ogunwole, O., Osho, G. O., & Basiru, J. O. (2022). Policy-oriented framework for multi-agency data integration across national transportation and infrastructure systems. Journal of Frontiers in Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1), 140-149. https://doi.org/10.54660/.IJFMR.2022.3.1.140-149
Okoro, C. S., & Lawani, K. (2022). Optimising sustainable mobility: A performance assessment of non-motorised transport infrastructure in Johannesburg, South Africa. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 64(2), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.17159/2309-8775/2022/v64no2a6
Oladimeji, D., Gupta, K., Kose, N. A., Gundogan, K., Ge, L., & Liang, F. (2023). Smart transportation: An overview of technologies and applications. Sensors, 23(8), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23083880
Opara, I. J., Lateef, J., Nii-Okai, E., Saah, B. P., Mensah, E. K., Wiafe, G. F. O., & Olayode, A. (2025). Digital resilience in construction projects: A narrative review of data governance, BIM, and real-time decision support systems. Journal of Management, and Development Research, 2(2), 117-124.
https://doi.org/10.69739/jmdr.v2i2.1129
Rahman, M. A. (2025). Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) communication and traffic incident reduction: An empirical study across US highway networks. Journal of Sustainable Development and Policy, 4(03), 38-81. https://doi.org/10.63125/c1wm0t92
Ramdani, F. (2025). Statistics descriptive and inferential. In Data Science: Foundations and Hands-on Experience: Handling Economic, Spatial, and Multidimensional Data with R (pp. 115-154). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4683-8_4
Rana, M., & Sadiq, H. (2024). Computational modeling and simulation techniques for managing rail-urban interface constraints in metropolitan transportation systems. American Journal of Scholarly Research and Innovation, 3(2), 141-178. https://doi.org/10.63125/pxet1d94
Romero-Lankao, P., Gnatz, D. M., Wilhelmi, O., & Hayden, M. (2016). Urban sustainability and resilience: From theory to practice. Sustainability, 8(12), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121224
Rubio, B. M., & Ruiz, S. G. (2025). Unequal access to urban transport: An invisible barrier to social equity: Acceso desigual al transporte urbano: una barrera invisible para la equidad social. Revista de Justicia Social en la Sociedad Urbana, 1(1), 25-60. https://publications.socipol.org/index.php/rjs/article/view/7/12
Rui, J., & Othengrafen, F. (2023). Examining the role of innovative streets in enhancing urban mobility and livability for sustainable urban transition: A review. Sustainability, 15(7), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075709
Sahu, P. K., Pani, A., & Santos, G. (2022). Freight traffic impacts and logistics inefficiencies in India: Policy interventions and solution concepts for sustainable city logistics. Transportation in Developing Economies, 8, Article 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40890-022-00161-8
Sassaron, M. L. D. S., Rodrigues da Silva, A. N., Fonseca, F., Rodrigues, D., Ribeiro, P. J., & Nakata-Osaki, C. M. (2025). Combining resilience and sustainability in urban mobility: A scoping review and thematic analysis. Land, 14(10), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14102063
Stephen, S. S., Oke, A. E., Aigbavboa, C. O., Akinradewo, O. I., Adetoro, P. E., & Ikuabe, M. (2025). Smart Infrastructure and Development in Stealth Construction. In Stealth Construction: Integrating Practices for Resilience and Sustainability (pp. 163-193). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83608-182-120251007
Visan, M., Negrea, S. L., & Mone, F. (2022). Towards intelligent public transport systems in smart cities; collaborative decisions to be made. Procedia Computer Science, 199, 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.01.155
Wang, X., Shaw, F. A., Mokhtarian, P. L., Circella, G., & Watkins, K. E. (2023). Combining disparate surveys across time to study satisfaction with life: The effects of study context, sampling method, and transport attributes. Transportation, 50(2), 513-543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10252-x
Widaman, K. F., & Helm, J. L. (2023). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. In H. Cooper, M. N. Coutanche, L. M. McMullen, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds.), In: APA handbook of research methods in psychology: Data analysis and research publication (2nd ed., pp. 379–410). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000320-017
Xin, S., & Qian, H. (2025). From urban planning to territorial spatial planning: The evolution of china’s planning system and the persistent barriers to urban–rural integration. Land, 14(8), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14081520
Yang, H., Huang, W., Yang, D., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Innovation in comprehensive transportation network planning in the context of national spatial development: Institutional constraints and policy responses. Land, 14(5), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14051046
Yaska, M., & Nuhu, B. M. (2024). Assessment of measures of central tendency and dispersion using likert-type scale. African Journal of Advances in Science and Technology Research, 16(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.62154/ajastr.2024.016.010379
Authors
Akinshipe, O., Akinradewo, O., & Aigbavboa, C. (2026). Aligning smart mobility with institutional capacity: Evidence-based transport policy strategies for sustainable urban mobility in developing cities. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 11(2), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.14254/jsdtl.2026.11-2.1
Copyright (c) 2026 Olaoluwa Akinshipe, Opeoluwa Akinradewo, Clinton Aigbavboa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.